Dispersio patters of of orgaisms
![dispersio patters of of orgaisms dispersio patters of of orgaisms](http://faculty.fortlewis.edu/dott_c/Bio%20320-Ecology/220%20Lectures/Wk6-Pops/0907.jpg)
Causes and consequences of animal dispersal strategies: Relating individual behaviour to spatial dynamics. Examples of general reviews in journal articles covering a fairly diverse array of topics are Bowler and Benton 2005 on dispersal in animals and Nathan and Muller-Landau 2000 on patterns, mechanisms and consequences of dispersal in plants.īowler, D. E., and T. G. 2007), dispersal of small mammals ( Stenseth and Lidicker 1992), long-distance dispersal (LDD) ( Special issue: Long distance dispersal 2003, cited under Special Issues) and dispersal and migration ( Sugden and Pennisi 2006, cited under Special Issues). Several other edited books and Special Issues in international journals provide more in-depth overviews of specific dispersal subjects including, for example, plant-animal interactions ( Dennis, et al. 2012 is the most recent addition to the available general overviews of dispersal. 2002 are two edited volumes offering a good selection of chapters for students and researchers, emphasizing evolution and causes of dispersal in animals, and the ecology of dispersal, respectively. 2008, an excellent overview of plant seed dispersal. Perhaps the only introductory textbook currently dedicated to dispersal is Cousens, et al. Despite the long history of research and the upsurge in publications dedicated to dispersal in the past twenty years, there is still a lack of textbooks dealing with the subject as a whole. The leading introductory ecology textbooks usually provide brief overviews on dispersal and may offer some starting points, but they merely touch on the subject.
#DISPERSIO PATTERS OF OF ORGAISMS DRIVERS#
Overall, dispersal research has encompassed a diversity of methods developed in these multiple disciplines to address a wide range of scientific questions that can be classified into four interrelated categories: What are the general patterns of dispersal in space and time? What are the key proximate mechanisms underlying the generation of dispersal patterns? What are the ultimate drivers in the evolution of dispersal? and What are the implications of dispersal for individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems? Yet, studies of dispersal have never formed a well-defined discipline, but rather developed as a topic relevant to biogeography, population genetics, and various subfields of ecology and evolutionary biology such as behavioral-, community-, landscape-, movement-, population-, and spatial-ecology. Consequently, the study of dispersal has a rich history, and the field is rapidly progressing today with the advancement of new technologies and theories. Dispersal is a fundamental and widespread type of movement characterizing nearly all living organisms and playing a key role in determining many ecological and evolutionary processes. The term effective dispersal is used for events in which dispersal was followed by successful establishment and thus contributed to gene flow, as distinguished from the genuine dispersal events themselves (i.e., only the movement phase, regardless of subsequent establishment). Dispersal refers to movements of individuals or propagules that have potential consequences for gene flow within and between populations and across space that is, dispersal is any movement from a source location (e.g., birth or breeding site) to another location where establishment and reproduction may occur.